PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women. It can cause various symptoms including irregular or missed periods, excess hair growth on the face and body, acne, and weight gain.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it often runs in families. Here are some key things to know:
- Hormone imbalances - Women with PCOS tend to have higher levels of androgens ("male" hormones like testosterone) that prevent ovaries from releasing eggs regularly. This causes irregular periods.
- Insulin resistance - Many women with PCOS have trouble using insulin properly, leading to excess insulin in the body. This can spur androgen production and worsen symptoms.
- Ovary changes - Women with PCOS often have a larger number of tiny cysts in their ovaries. The cysts are fluid-filled sacs that surround the eggs.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of PCOS often develop around the time of the first period during puberty. But sometimes PCOS develops later, for instance, in response to substantial weight gain. Signs and symptoms of PCOS may include:
- Infrequent, absent or prolonged menstrual periods
- Excess hair growth (hirsutism)
- Acne
- Weight gain
- Thinning hair and hair loss
- Darkening of skin, particularly along neck creases, in the groin, and underneath breasts
Diagnosis and treatment
If you suspect you may have PCOS based on your symptoms, make an appointment to see your doctor. They can run blood tests to measure your hormone levels and examine your ovaries with an ultrasound.
There is no cure yet for PCOS, but symptoms can be managed with lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and possibly birth control pills or other medications. Losing just 5% of your body weight can significantly improve PCOS symptoms like irregular periods. Talk to your doctor to develop a treatment plan that fits your needs.
I tried to cover the key information in a friendly and concise way. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions on PCOS!